Major publishing cities...

You are required to present the name of the city for a publisher in a reference page citation for a book. The rules of how to properly document the cities on your reference page are as follows:

CITY IN USA

• If the city is in the United States of America (USA), then you only need to give the city name and official postal abbreviation.
• e.g., St. Louis, MO; Detroit, MI, etc.
• Click here for a list of official USA postal abbreviations.
  

CITIES OUTSIDE THE USA

• If the city is located outside of the USA, then you need to give the city name, province/state/territory, and country of origin.
• The province/state/territory and country of origin must be spelled in complete text - postal abbreviations are not acceptable.
  
• e.g., Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Berlin, Germany [NOTE: Berlin is a state/city unto itself.], etc.

EXCEPTIONS

• There are certain cities that do not require you display the province/state/territory and country of origin - these are major publishing cities.
• Major publishing cities in the USA include:
• Baltimore
• Boston
• Chicago
• Los Angeles
• New York
• Philadelphia
• San Francisco
• Major international publishing cities include:
• Amsterdam
• Jerusalem
• London [NOTE: If it is London, Ontario, Canada, you will need to document the difference.]
  
• Milan
• Moscow
• Paris
• Rome
• Stockholm
• Tokyo
• Vienna

MORE THAN ONE CITY LISTED

• It is not stated in the APA manual, but the general rule is to use the first city listed on the title page as the publisher's city of origin.
  
• If no cities are given on the title page, but are listed on the publisher's information page, use the city that serves as the home office for the publisher.
  

The rules can be viewed in section 4.03 (p. 217) of the APA Manual.

So many editors: How to credit…

What happens when I have a large editorial board with a variety of editor types (i.e., Editors, Associate Editors, Executive Editors, Senior Editors, etc.) to credit? The short answer, as the APA Manual (2001) says, is credit “the lead editor followed by et al.” (p. 229).

It should be noted that “et al.” is not italicized and a period (.) follows “al”. Additionally, if “et al.” follows one name, a comma (,) is not required. If the “et al.” follows a string of names, then a comma must precede it. Though this is not stated implicitly, it can be inferred from examples in section 3.95 (pp. 208-209) of the APA Manual.

For example, the Graphic Arts Manual has a senior editor, five consulting editors, and an executive editor. So which, if not all, of those 7 names do we credit? In this case, we will credit the senior editor, since that individual arguably oversees the others working directly on the title. The executive editor will sometimes outrank the senior editor, but they are a more executive class of editor that oversees the publishers many lines of titles – in this case, the senior editor is responsible for the editorial direction of this particular book.

Our reference page citation will appear as:

Field, J. N. et al. (1980). Graphics art manual. New York: Arno Press.

Our in-text citation will appear as:

It has been suggested that … (Field et al., 1980, p. #).
The Graphics Art Manual says, “…” (Field et al., 1980, p. #).

NOTE: With an edited book, never frame your paraphrase or quote as though the editors made the statement (e.g., Field et al. said that, “…” (p. #).) The editors are simply the editors, with edited books there are many contributors and the editors did not necessarily write the script, so do not credit them as if they did. In this book, there were 96 contributors so if you use a particular passage that identifies one of those contributors as the writer, credit them accordingly.

EXAMPLE (AUTHOR FOR A CHAPTER/SECTION OF AN EDITTED BOOK)
Reference page citation:
Romano, F. J. (1980). Phototypesetting. In J. N. Field et al. (Eds.), Graphics art manual (pp. 209-218). New York: Arno Press.

Our in-text citation will appear as:

• SHORT QUOTE 1: Romano (1980) said that, “…” (p. 214).
• SHORT QUOTE 2: According to the Graphics Art Manual, phototypesetting is “…” (Romano, 1980, p. 209).
• PARAPHRASE 1: It has been suggested that phototypesetting is … (Romano, 1980).
• PARAPHRASE 2: Romano (1980) suggested that phototypesetting is ….
  

The APA Manual does discuss this case in sections 4.13 (p. 229) and 4.14 (example 30, p. 250), though no practical example is given when you are faced with this type of resource. You can also refer to section 3.95 (pp. 208-209) for how to format “et al.”.

Question marks in titles...

The question is: how are questions marks in titles to be documented in the references list? This is one of those issues that are not clearly defined by the APA Manual. This is my best suggestion based on the example that I found in the book:

EXAMPLE
“What's Gender Got to Do with It? Women and Foreign Relations History” by Kristin Hoganson from OAH Magazine of History. One could reasonably assume that “Women and Foreign Relations” could be treated as a subtitle, however, if this is the case, should a colon follow the question mark? The short answer is, “no”. Unless the author explicitly places the colon in this type of title, do not add it.

SUGGESTED SOLUTION
Hoganson, K. (2005, March). What’s gender got to do with it? Women and foreign relations history. OAH Magazine of History, 19(2), 14–18. Retrieved February 13, 2008, from Academic Search Complete database.

NOTE: Sorry, I could not format a hanging indent or double space in this document, but you get the idea. The original article can be found by clicking here.

EXPLANATION
The explanation is based on citation example 75 (p. 273 of the APA Manual). It is possible to document the article as suggested because the title ends with a question mark (which is atypical of an article), so treat it as you would a colon – the formal title ends at the question mark. The next passage (“Women and Foreign Relations History”) acts a subtitle, so it begins with a capital letter and all others are lowercase unless a proper noun is present in the reference list. You should, however, include the colon if it is expressed in the original article title.

EXAMPLE 2
Another such example can be found at: http://www.whatisrss.com. You can site this page as:

What is RSS? RSS explained. (n.d.). Retrieved February 13, 2008, from http://www.whatisrss.com

EXAMPLE 3
The following example is of a chapter title that has the colon following the question mark. In this case, display the colon as the authors originally intended.

Franklin, S., & Graesser, A. (1997). Is it an agent, or just a program?: A taxonomy for autonomous agents. In J. P. Müller, M. J. Wooldridge, & N. R. Jennings (Eds.), Intelligent agents III: Agent theories, architectures, and languages: ECAI '96 Workshop (ATAL), Budapest, Hungary, August 12-13, 1996: Proceedings (pp. 21-36). Berlin, Germany: Springer.